Android : Track a smartphone in 3D space with an outside source tracking.

unsure if this questions is right for this site, but anyway...

In few months I'll be beginning my Uni dissertation and I have a few ideas, some revolve around tracking the position of a smartphone in 3D space, I'm wondering if there is any way to do this.

I believe there is no way to do this solely with the phone and its' gyroscope and accelerometer, even though I feel it might be possible. I am expecting the best case will be to use 1-3 Raspberry Pi and hopefully apply something to them which will enable them to track the phone in 3D space.

Ideally I'd like something which can get precise readings of the phones' movements, even through objects such as a TV screen or even a wall, but to simply get the phones location in space as a blank dot. I'm not sure of any signals smartphones emit, or one the external 1-3 raspberry Pis could give out which could be used to precisely triangulate it's position, but I feel its possible.