Android : What is called when the application starts and stops

I have a long running background process that I would like to start when the app launches and shutdown when the application shuts down. I'm already quite aware of the activity life cycle and what gets called when an activity gets created and destroyed.

I'm coming from an iOS background, and over there we have some calls that are made during application startup and shutdown. Is there something similar in the android world? I've searched a lot and all I'm finding are answers relating to an activity, not the entire application.

(Android is relatively new to me, so I may just not know the correct terminology to search for.)